Everything about T Pac Amaru Ii totally explained
Túpac Amaru II (José Gabriel Túpac Amaru b.
March 19,
1742 in Tinta,
Cusco,
Peru – executed in Cusco
May 18,
1781) was the leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Although unsuccessful, he later became a mythical figure in the
Peruvian struggle for independence and indigenous rights movement and an inspiration to a myriad of causes in
Peru. He shouldn't be confused with
Tupac Katari who led a similar uprising in the region now called
Bolivia at the same time.
Biography
Tupac Amaru II was born
José Gabriel Condorcanqui in Tinta, in the province of
Cusco, and received a
Jesuit education at the
San Francisco de Borja School. In
1760, he married Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua.
Condorcanqui inherited the caciqueship of Tungasuca and Pampamarca from his older brother, governing on behalf of the Spanish governor. But he sympathized with the plight of the native people and petitioned the Spanish government to improve conditions in the textile mills, the mines, and the villages. Unsuccessful, he adopted his great-grandfather's Incan name and a more native style of dress, and organized a rebellion, seizing and executing governor Antonio de Arriaga of Tinta in 1780.
Túpac Amaru II's rebellion was one of many indian uprisings in the last fifty years of bourbon control. It was suppressed after some successes like the
Battle of Sangarará and he was soon captured. He was sentenced to witness the execution of his wife, his eldest son Hipólito, his uncle Francisco, his brother-in-law Antonio Bastidas, and some of his captains before his own death. He was sentenced to be tortured and put to death by
dismemberment, in which four horses would have to tear apart each limb from his body, one limb tied to each horse.
Unable to accomplish this execution, he was later
drawn and quartered on the main plaza in
Cusco, in the same place his great-grandfather had been beheaded. When the revolt continued, the Spaniards executed the remainder of his family, except his 12-year-old son Fernando, who had been condemned to die with him, but was instead imprisoned in Spain for the rest of his life. It isn't known if any members of the Inca royal family survived this final purge. At the same time, Incan clothing and cultural traditions, and self-identification as "Inca" were outlawed, along with other measures to convert the population to Spanish culture and government until Peru's independence as a republic.
Quotations
Querrán volarlo y no podrán volarlo ("They will want to blow him up and won't be able to blow him up").
Querrán romperlo y no podrán romperlo ("They will want to break him and won't be able to break him").
Querrán matarlo y no podrán matarlo ("They will want to kill him and won't be able to kill him").
Al tercer día de los sufrimientos, cuando se crea todo consumado, gritando: ¡LIBERTAD! sobre la tierra, ha de volver. ¡Y no podrán matarlo! ("On the third day of suffering, when it was believed he was finished, screaming: FREEDOM! over the earth, he'll be back. And they won't be able to kill him!")
—
Alejandro Romualdo
Cultural references
In Peru
In novels
In the book,
Inca Gold, by Clive Cussler, one of the main villains is named Tupac Amaru.
Around the world
The Tupamaros (also known as the National Liberation Movement), was the informal name of a terrorist group that was active in the 1960s and early 1970s in Uruguay. The name was also direct influence of Tupac Amaru II and its ideals.
United States rapper Tupac Amaru Shakur was named after him.
Further Information
Get more info on 'T Pac Amaru Ii'.
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